The Question Of Clemency

 

By: Anthony Ross & Steve Champion

“The heart of clemency… is to grant clemency as a matter of grace, thus allowing the executive to consider a wide range of factors not comprehended by earlier judicial proceedings and sentencing determinations.”

These are the words of the late Chief Justice Williams Rehnquist. In the state of California it has been nearly four decades since Ronald Reagan granted clemency to a death row inmate. Every governor since then has steadfastly refused to show an act of grace to condemned men and women. In early January of 2005 Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger was faced with his first requests for clemency. He denied them both: Kevin Cooper for whom he did not even grant a clemency hearing, and Donald Beardslee, who’s model behavior in prison the Governor claimed was not a reason for clemency.

Historically clemency has not focused on guilt or innocence, nor the merits of capital punishment, nor errors in law, so what does clemency focuses on? Unfortunately this has been a gray area and usually governors merely cite the list of crimes for which the condemned inmate was sentenced to die for. But even to an untrained eye the clemency process is primarily about political posturing. The last thing any politician wants is to be labeled soft on crime, and with Arnold ’s “Terminator” image he has to play hardball. Yet, if the executive power of commutation were to truly evoke the spirit of the words of Chief Justice Rehnquist then it would focus on grace, mercy, and redemption. With the scheduled December 13th execution of Stanley Tookie Williams Governor Schwarzenegger has within his grasp the power to make those words reality, for once again he is faced with the question – Who deserves clemency? It is a question that goes to the very core of redemption, and a question that subjects the process of clemency to critical examination.

Since the state of California has no litmus test, no real criteria, no template in determining who could receive clemency, the entire process is nothing more then a subjective decision and am arbitrary exercise in political pandering and revenge. Yes, clemency is a difficult and thorny issue, but conventional wisdom holds that it should, at the very least, be fair and honest. That each death row inmate can expect a meaningful review of his/her clemency petition without it being summarily dismissed. Yet this is precisely what is lacking, and governors have demonstrated a remarkable reluctance to set some kind of attainable standard for clemency. Governor Schwarzenegger has the profound opportunity to change that not by sacrificing principles to politics, and by emulating George Ryan, the former republican governor of Illinois , who found the system of the death penalty so egregious he commuted the death sentence of virtually all condemned inmates before leaving office in 2003. This rare and humane action displayed the very heart of clemency, grace.

Though Schwarzenegger has never articulated exactly what reasons could persuade him to grant clemency, if the numerous accomplishments and extraordinary transformation of Stanley Tookie Williams does not make him a exemplar candidate, then clemency is a complete sham. It is a utter waste of time and resources and should be discarded. At present none of the nearly 700 California death row inmates can realistically hope for nor expect clemency. If this is true then why all of the pretext? Why not just be politically blunt and tell death row inmates that they have a greater chance of excreting through a straw then receiving clemency. It will most certainly extinguish any shred of hope, but they won’t be deluded.

Governor Schwarzenegger put the word “rehabilitation” back into the language of the penal system because he believes in second chances, but in doing that he also injected hope into thousands of prisoners. Now all he has to do is give them a tangible example: Stanley Tookie Williams.

 

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