Essays by David Paul Hammer

 

 

 

 

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-A Word to Abolitionists "Acquiesce" 
-Support for Capital Punishment Rises 
-Death is Different  
-Age and the Death Penalty

 

 

 

 

 

A Word to Abolitionists "Acquiesce"

By David Paul Hammer

I am compelled to render some thoughts on an issue that I find personally repugnant. That is the use of the word "volunteer" to describe a death row prisoner who has elected to forego further appeals of a death sentence. Oh yeah, it's a catchy little word coined in the context of capital punishment by some attorney or abolitionist wanting to make a point.

Over the years, many in the fight to end the death penalty have come to use the misleading label of "volunteer" when a man or woman under a sentence of death decides that they don't have the will or desire to fight anymore. Abolitionists spit out the word "volunteer" as if it's a vulgarity meant to demean and degrade the condemned person.

In recent months published reports have identified some nationally recognized abolitionist groups who now refer to these so-called volunteers as being in the business of "inmate assisted suicides." How can such a denigrating sound bite advance the abolition of the death penalty? It cannot, and it does not!

In all honesty I must admit to being biased on this subject. You see I have at times struggled with the decision as to whether I should or shouldn't continue to fight my own death sentence. I write here from personal experience, but also from the perspective of one who has endeavored to educate myself on this very important issue.

In abolitionist terms, the word "volunteer" as it is or has been used in the context of capital punishment is disingenuous and deceitful. According to the 2003 edition of Webster's New World Dictionay a volunteer is... "one who chooses freely to do something; to offer or give of one's own free will."

A death row inmate existing under a death sentence in prisons not fit for man or beast while under constant pressures and dehumanizing conditions can never be said to have made a free will choice. Years of incarceration take a toll on even the strongest man or woman. Some can persevere, others cannot. Nevertheless, one's inability to withstand such an existence should not automatically relegate this individual as a person subject to ridicule by those who disagree with him/her.

In 1976 the death penalty was reinstated. Since that year, Gary Gilmore became the first person to acquiesce in his execution and he has been followed by 105 others who have resigned themselves to die by execution. Each man and woman for personal reasons acquiesced in their death; they did not volunteer! None of these people should be remembered as a "volunteer." Their lives were extinguished by state and federal governments. If, as I believe, capital punishment is an abomination utilized as a form of justice, then that punishment inflicted upon any of the 946 people executed in this country(as of this writing) was wrong. The eleven per cent who elected not to fight are no less important than those who battled all the way into the death chambers.

I believe that all life is sacred. If the aim of abolitionists is to end capital punishment, then every person executed matters. Rather than kicking the condemned while he/she is down, why not direct that energy, anger and frustration towards the executioners and those responsible for killing in the name of justice?

ACQUIESCE..."to grow quiet, to consent without enthusiasm." Doesn't that word more accurately define an individual who no longer has the strength or determination to fight the authorities hell bent on killing him? A volunteer? I think not!

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Support for Capital Punishment Rises

By David Paul Hammer

It should come as no surprise that support for the death penalty in America is on the rise. According to reports published in the January 15, 2004, issue of USA Today, 69% of Americans 18 years of age and older are in favor of the death penalty. This number is up from 64% in 2000. The numbers are based upon the latest Harris interactive surveys conducted between December 10 and 16, 2003. While there is an increase of 5% amongst Americans who support capital punishment, those numbers are still lower than the all-time high of 75% who were in favor of the ultimate punishment in 1997.

Many abolitionist groups who oppose capital punishment, attribute the recent rise in support of the death penalty to events such as the terror attacks on September 11, 2001, the D.C.-area sniper attacks and other high-profile incidents over the past three years.

On the same day these poll numbers were published by USA Today, that paper also ran a small article about the execution of 45-year-old Lewis Williams in Ohio . It appears that Williams, who weighed only 117 pounds , did not go meekly to his death. Published reports state that Mr. Williams fought and struggled as four large guards lifted him onto the gurney. It took at least nine guards to restrain Williams as preparations for the lethal injection were made. Williams screamed, “I’m not guilty, God help me” before he was executed. Appeals by Mr. Williams’ attorneys raised the issue of his mental retardation. These claims were rejected by various state and federal courts. Williams was sentenced to death for the murder of his elderly neighbor in 1983. More than 20 years later he was executed while proclaiming his innocence.

When considering that Lewis Williams was a middle-aged man who weighed only 117 pounds at the time of his execution, he must have had superhuman strength. I say this because prison officials used at least nine guards weighing 210 pounds each (approximately) to restrain Williams and to insert the needles into his veins. Even for a man struggling and proclaiming his innocence, this would appear to be a case of overkill on the part of Ohio prison authorities.

Executions such as that of Lewis Williams are a prime example of why all executions should be televised so that the 69% of Americans who say they are in favor of the death penalty can see exactly what it is that they support!

 

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Death is Different

By David Paul Hammer

I am sitting here in an isolation type cell at a United States ' Penitentiary in Pennsylvania . My stay here will be a short one. I was transported by the United States Marshals' service several days ago. Our trip from Terre Haute , Indiana to Williamsport , Pennsylvania was uneventful. Being aboard a small, private government jet was an experience most federal prisoners never have. Con-Air, not the movie, but rather the US Marshals' transport system, uses large planes for the most part. It seems that condemned prisoners, however, are exempt from that normal mode of transportation. I'm not complaining mind you, I'm just jotting down these thoughts as they come.

My transfer (temporary in nature) is a result of pending legal matters. The court will conduct a hearing on Friday, January 16th to determine my competency to forego more legal challenges in my case and to have the sentence of death inplemented in the near future. This is more of a formality than anything else. My competency has never been an issue, but, the courts and all involved want to be assured that no mentally incompetent person is executed. If this wasn't such a serious issue I'd bust out in a fit of laughter

Earlier this week, an inmate was to be executed in the state of Arkansas after being forced to take medication to make him competent enough to be executed. This practice has the seal of approval of the United States Supreme Court. I assume the execution in Arkansas went forward as scheduled. I have no access to newspapers, TV, radio, telephone or visitors while on this little court-ordered journey, so I cannot say with certainty that Charles Singleton was killed, but, I suspect the governor in Arkansas didn't intervene in the case.

Numerous US Supreme Court opinions written since 1973 have announced that in regards to the punishment of convicted individuals, the punishment of "Death Is Different." I wonder if the Justices and former Justices honestly felt that way then, or if they feel that way today? The highest court of the United States will decide several cases relating to the death penalty prior to the end of the 2003-2004 term, which ends on June 30th 2004. This is a presidential election year, so any major favorable decisions on the use of Capital Punishment is doubtful. I hope this prediction is wrong!

In my opinion what makes the use of the death penalty different is how it is used, when it is used and on whom. Minorities, poor people and thise who reside in certain sections of this country, those are the people who face and receive this punishment. It's arbitrary amd no amount of tinkering with the death penalty system can fix it. The worst part is that many innocent men and women have been sentenced to death. Only the science of DNA has saved these 100 plus innocent persons from the executioner. What about the majority of death penalty cases where ther is no DNA evidence available? There is little, if any dispute that innocent people have already been executed in this country. These alone are reasons enough to stop the "machinery of death" as the late Honorable Justice Blackmum wrote in his last death penalty case.

The TV news programs which I viewed prior to my departure from Terre Haute were full of the major legal cases to be heard and decided during 2004. Sports figures, a "Home Maker" tycoon and others were previewed. Missing amongst the glimpse into the future news stories were those where normal everyday citizens will be on trial for their lives. Deathg is different because so few people in this country care one way or another about capital punishment.

During the many debates between the Democratic candidates for President the issue of capital punishment has seldom, if ever been mentioned. Why? It's not a hot button political issue because Americans have remained strongly in favor of this punishment.

In a matter of weeks my own life will be taken by the executioner's employed by the US Government. They are killing me in the name of "you, the people." My death will come with no fanfare, no media circus like that surrounding Timothy McVeigh's 2001 execution. Few of "you, the people" will even be aware of what is happening or why. To me, it seems strange that I'm being put to death for my crimes against "you, the people." No, I'm not a terrorist, or a bank robber, I took the life of a fellow inmate behind the walls of a federal prison. I am the first person convicted of such a crime, to be sentenced to death in the history of the federal death penalty. I hope I am the last. So, I bid a fond farewell to "you, the people." I hope you will say a silent prayer, or drink a cold beer or something as I'm strapped onto the gurney with drugs being pumped into my veins. Oh yes, Death IS Different, ain't it? I'm dying because "you, the people", through your elected officials have said I should. With 290 million people in this country I must be killed in your name so that others will be deterred from committing the crime of murder. There's about as much of a chance of that happening as there is of George W. Bush and his administration being honest with the American people about the wars they have declared. Even though I'm being killed in the name of you, the people, I'm still damn proud to be an American, where freedom is only one exceutioners' injection away!

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Age and the Death Penalty

By David Paul Hammer

In the spring of 2002 the issue of whether or not the state of Indiana should enact a law that bans the execution of 16 and 17 year old killers was being fiercely debated.  Obviously any person sentenced to death for a crime they were convicted of having committed at 16 or 17 would be in their twenties or thirties before actually being executed.  How then some argued could that be equated to executing child killers?  What makes 18 the appropriate age for a person to be eligible for the death penalty?  An 18 year old cannot legally drink in most states in this country.  These are all questions that I posed to my spiritual advisors and many of my abolitionist friends who reside in the state of Indiana.

I am totally opposed to the execution of any juvenile offenders.  I did not at that time see the magical age of 18 before execution as a big win in the fight to abolish capital punishment.  Everyone in the abolitionist movement – religious leaders, Catholics, and common citizens – claimed a great victory when a statutory change was made in 2002 by Indiana lawmakers raising the minimum age of eligibility for a death sentence from 16 to 18 years of age at the time of the crime.  I now conclude that they are right because when fighting to end the death penalty every little bit helps.

As the October 2004 term of the United States Supreme Court draws near, the issue of whether any person who was under the age of 18 at the time of their conviction of murder and sentence of death can be executed, will be decided once and for all by the nine justices of this country’s highest court.

It would seem that the answer should be a foregone conclusion.  Unfortunately, that isn’t the case.  In Roper v. Simmons the U. S. Supreme Court has received Friend-of-the-Court briefs representing parties from around the world both supporting and denouncing the practice of executing juveniles.  Listed below are some excerpts from those briefs:

“The United States executed more young killers than the rest of the world combined between 1990 and 2003…”  (Brief filed by various diplomats including former Undersecretary of State, Thomas Pickering, and former Ambassador to France, Felix Rohatyn.) The diplomats also state, “In the past four years, only five nations have executed juveniles – Congo, China, Iran, Pakistan and the United States.”

George W. Bush and his administration have consistently proclaimed their outrage over the human rights violations attributed to some of these countries.  The death penalty does make Strange Bed Fellows! In a Friend-of-the-Court brief filed on behalf of Nobel Peace prize winners, including former Soviet President, Mikhail Gorbachev, and former United States President, Jimmy Carter, it was stated:

“By continuing to execute child offenders in violation of international norms, the United States is not just leaving itself open to charges of hypocrisy, but is also endangering the rights of many around the world.”

“Countries whose human rights records are criticized by the United States have no incentive to improve their records when the United States fails to meet the most fundamental baseline standards.”

Additionally, 48 nations, the American Medical Association, American Psychiatric Association and the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops among others have all weighed in with the U. S. Supreme Court opposing the execution of juveniles.

The case being decided (Roper v. Simmons) involved Christopher Simmons who was 17 when he and an accomplice are alleged to have killed a Missouri woman by binding her with restraints and then drowning her.  They are said to have bragged to their peers that they would get away with the crime due to their age.  (This allegation is included here not as fact, but only as a statement made by Missouri prosecutors.)

The U.S. Supreme Court decided to hear this case after the Missouri Supreme Court declared the practice of executing juvenile killers unconstitutional.  Missouri state prosecutors and the state Attorney General’s office appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.  Those officials have their supporters as well.  At least two Friend-of-the-Court briefs have been filed supporting the execution of teens.

Attorneys for Alabama, Delaware, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah and Virginia stated:

“State prosecutors’ and law enforcement officials’ experience indicates that a bright-line rule categorically exempting 16 and 17 year olds from the death penalty, no matter how elaborate the plot, how sinister the killing, or how sophisticated the cover-up would be arbitrary at best and downright perverse at worst.”

Such a position from these states cannot come as any surprise.  According to the most recent Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin on capital punishment 2002 (Revised February 4, 2004), four of these states executed 490 people between 1977 and 2002.  These included juvenile offenders.  That’s 490 of the 820 people executed during this time period.  Unfortunately those numbers increased in 2003 and 2004.  As of December 31, 2003, the following states have executed 532 of the 885 people executed in the United States: Texas (313), Virginia (89), Oklahoma (69), and Missouri (61).  These states also lead the nation in numbers of executions for 2004.  To date, over 926 people have been executed here in the United States since 1977.

Those same justice statistics also reveal that in 2002 seven jurisdictions with a death penalty statute did not specify a minimum age for which the death penalty could be imposed.  In some states the minimum age was set in the statutory provisions that determine the age at which a juvenile may be transferred to adult court for trial as an adult.  Fifteen states and the Federal Government System require a minimum age of 18.  Sixteen states indicate an age of eligibility between 14 and 17.

While the eyes of the world are watching to see how the United States Supreme Court decides this issue, capital punishment is alive and well in this country.  In 2002 the youngest person under a sentence of death here was a white male in Texas.  He was born in April 1984.  He was sentenced to death in August 2002.

There is a flip side to the age issue. At  what age does an offender become too old to be executed?  Due to incompetence and infirmities brought on by aging, can a person become ineligible for execution?  As of this writing, the oldest person on death row in the United State is 89.  He was born in 1915 and sentenced to death in 1983.  He is a white male on Arizona’s death row.

Recently the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear the case of an Alabama death row inmate, James Hubbard.  Mr. Hubbard was 74 years old and lived for 27 years on death row.  He suffered from prostate and colon cancer.  On August 5, 2004, James Hubbard became the oldest person to be executed in the United States since the reinstatement of executions in 1977.

The issue of capital punishment is a complex one with only one real answer – end this barbaric punishment once and for all!  Our goal should be the total abolition of the death penalty, as it can never be applied equally and fairly.

Note:  Source material for this essay includes but is not limited to:  U.S. Department of Justice Statistics on Capital Punishment, The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, Execution Alert Notices, Associated Press articles, U.S.A. Today articles, the 2004 World Almanac and Book of Facts and Amicus Curiae Briefs (Friend-of-the-Court briefs) filed in the U.S. Supreme Court.

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