Judge not, Lest ye be judged

 

By Shannon Agofsky

"Judge not, lest ye be judged:" That is an admonishment I think all of us have heard; a Bible passage familiar even to those whose shadows have never darkened the doorway of a church.

Yet does anyone among us ever truly take the warning to heart and refrain from passing judgement? Each of us judges others on dozens, or even hundreds of occasions, every day. We judge those we meet, all of them, no matter whether we wish to or no. We judge a person's actions, their mannerisms, looks, dress, the very words that fall from their lips. We decide if they are truthful, trustworthy, or deceitful, we decide if they are the type of person we would like as a friend, a business partner, a lover. We draw conclusions about their personal, professional, and financial backgrounds, their education, or lack thereof, and about a thousand other things, often based on very little overt evidence.

Does that make us bad people? Perhaps, or perhaps it is simply a part of human nature. Who is to say? That is not my concern at this point. I only want you to come to the realization that, one and all, right or wrong, we do render judgement on others, all the time.

Luckily, most of the time those judgements have a sound foundation. They are made based upon our individual knowledge of the past, calling upon personal experiences, for comparative purposes. In deciding if a person acted rightly or wrongly in any given situation, like a good man or a bad, we ask ourselves questions such as, "How did I act when placed in that same situation," or perhaps how a friend or family member acted. Thus we are able to know if any individuals conduct falls within the parameters of what we would consider to be acceptable behavior.

What happens though, if one is called on to make a judgement about matters that lie totally beyond their realm of experience? Upon what would their decision be based? No ones' actions take place in a vacuum; it is not possible to look at an individual's actions alone, in isolation, and reach a sound conclusion as to whether those actions were reasonable or not. One must take the totality of the circumstances into consideration. What happened, and even the when and where a thing took place is simply not sufficient information.

In order to properly judge another's actions, those actions must be given context. Where personal experience is lacking, the only context one had to call upon is a societal one. Which, if the individual in question is not from or of the same society, would very likely lead to erroneous conclusions on the part of the one sitting in judgement. . How much sense would it make to ask an upper-middle class New Yorker to judge the suitability of any action taken by a native from the furthest reaches in the outback of New Zealand , while in his natural habitat? The person would simply have no context on which to conclude whether the New Zealander had acted in a reasonable and acceptable manner, since a New Yorker would not have either the personal experience with that mode of living, nor knowledge of the mores of the society in which the actions had occurred.

Even when one has no proper way to place a situation or action in context, the resulting judgement (or misjudgement, as the case may be), is usually harmless. Or at least inasmuch as it most often only affects the interpersonal relationships of the parties involved; whether two people become friends, lovers, etc; No one is actually brought into jeopardy of life or limb as a consequence.

But what of the times when the circumstances differ; when more is at stake? Take into consideration those who are called for jury duty, asked to sit in judgement on a criminal matter. At that time, the decision rendered can result in a person's loss of freedom, or even the loss of their life. What then? What if it were you yourself on trial? Does it seem most proper for the jurors to be those able to call upon a store of life experiences similar to your own, in order to reach a just decision? Or would you prefer to be judged by persons viewing you from an entirely different societal framework?

As much as each of us likes to view ourselves as free thinkers, the fact is that, in the main, our views on what is right and wrong are imposed upon us by the society in which we live. And oftentimes, what is deemed proper varies radically from one society to the next. For an easy example, picture if you will a young woman out for a walk. She is dressed in jeans and a midriff baring shirt. She smiles and nods at a man she passes on the sidewalk. Anything strange about that? Of course not, it happens every day, on every street in the United States , and is surely happening right now.

But the acceptability in your mind of the hypothetical woman's actions stems solely from the fact that you are viewing the situation from within the framework of the society in which you live. Had you been raised in a Middle Eastern country, as an Islamic fundamentalist, you would view the same woman, taking the same action, as someone indulging in an absolute perversion. In such a place, she would likely be charged with public lewdness and face severe punishment. An American would be outraged to see any such woman punished, while the fundamentalist would be equally outraged if she were not, and both would feel completely justified in their outlook.

And yet the only real difference would be the basic view of the right and wrong instilled upon each of the judging individuals by the society in which they live. Which is, of course, the reason Americans would not be invited to a fundamentalist country to sit as jurors in a court case, nor fundamentalists invited into American courts.

Do you see the importance of an individual being judged by those from within their own society, with world views similar to their own? Ask yourself again if it were your own fate in question, who would you wish to be judging you?

The jury system established in this country has many constitutional and legal guarantees, designed to protect those who come before the bar, and assure any judgement rendered against them is a just one. Many arguments both for and against all aspects of this system can and have been made, but for the moment, I would like to direct you to one area in particular; that is, the right of a person to be tried by a jury of their peers.

What exactly does that mean? The Riverside Websters dictionary defines "peer" as "one of equal status with another." Or in other words, for the purpose of a trial, ones peers would be those having similar backgrounds and experiences, who would be able to place the individual in questions actions into their proper context, and render a true and correct verdict.

Being tried by a jury of ones peers would seem to make eminently good sense. But is that truly how things happen within the courts? I would submit to you that it does not. It is virtually impossible, even in the most ordinary of cases, for anyone on trial to actually find a jury of their peers.

The fact is, the majority of those charged with crimes and currently circulating through this country's court system are poor, young, disaffected with the government, and have been in trouble with the law repeatedly. At the same time, most jurors sitting on trials are middle to upper-middle class, middle aged or elderly, very much pro government, and have never been in any previous brushes with the law.

Consequently, the "jury of ones peers" usually turns out to be a fallacy. The person on trial is judged by those with a substantially different background then their own, with substantially differing world views, and little to no experience with the circumstances leading to and surrounding most crimes. The result of such is a lack of even the slightest bit of empathy for the defendant, unfair assumptions being made about the individual, and far more harsh punishment handed out than is warranted by the crime committed.

Even so, with the difference in outlook both of the aforementioned groups might have, they are still of a common society, with at least loosely agreed upon standards of right and wrong. Such being, they may arguably be called peers, and argument may be made as well for the fairness of such a system.

In some cases however, the difference between juror and defendant are far more polarized. Which leads me to where I've been headed all along: my own case.

By way of introduction, my name is Shannon Agofsky, I was arrested in 1990, sent to prison in '91, and have never been out of prison since. Only a few short months ago, in July of 2004, I was sentenced to death, in Beaumont , TX , by a "jury of my peers."

I was prosecuted under the United States Code, Title 18, section 1118. (Among others) The so-called "eleven-v" law was passed in 1994, in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, as part of the Antiterrorism bill.

Now, see, there you go. Already making those judgements we talked about earlier. Knowing that I was charged with something from that particular bill has no doubt led you to conclude am in some way involved in terrorism. Not a surprising conclusion, but an erroneous one, for I am not.

The charge, once translated from lengthy legal speak to plain English, is "murder committed while serving a life sentence in Federal prison." In and of itself; before the submission of any type of evidence in the part of the prosecution, the mere wording of the charge is enough to warn any juror that the person with whom they are dealing is very definitively not a part of their world. Anyone serving a life sentence is an exile from society, forever barred, no longer a part, never to return.

So who exactly are a "lifers" peers? Who is of "equal status" to one such as myself; who has spent their entire adult life in maximum security prisons, with never a hope of being free? Are my peers the homeowners and housewives, the doctors, dentists, and accountants who make up the typical jury pool?

Certainly, clearly, they are not. Yet they are exactly the people who were called upon to judge my actions, to decide if I should live or die.

Was their verdict correct; was it just? I have no doubt each of them would respond to that question with an un-hesitant "yes." But I believe that is only because their judgement is without context, made from outside the framework of the society in which I live, with no point of reference from which to measure what occurred.

For believe me, those living within the environs of a maximum security prison are indeed living lives as different from the average juror as that of the New Yorker from the New Zealander, or the American from the Arabic fundamentalist. Perhaps even more so. Prison is a society unto itself, with its own rules, regulations, and codes, known only to inmates, and as far separate from normal society as night from day.

No effort was made during my trial to explain prison life to the jurors in any substantive way. They had no context, and their lack thereof likely never even occurred to them. It is too late to explain anything to those jurors now, but I would like to provide you with that context which they lacked. I invite you to take a trip, to step into my world for a short time, and to learn how people survive in prison. I’ll give you some insight into the existence of a lifer, and tell you why I did what I did.

After you have heard my story, will what you learned lead you to conclude that the death sentence I received was not warranted? I really cannot guess. Perhaps you will still believe I deserve to die. But at least if you condemn me, that condemnation will come from one with full knowledge of the circumstances, and with a real context from which to make an informed decision.

 

Shannon Agofsky #06267-045
USP-Terre Haute
PO Box 12015
Terre-Haute, IN 47801
USA

 

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